INTRODUCTION: Human is both amazing and vulnerable. Amazing – the design of human body are the envies of engineering. Vulnerable – the best and the strongest are still mortal. We are susceptible to trauma, diseases, ageing and finally death. Advances in life science and engineering are fast bringing to us innovative breakthroughs and new possibilities in healing and rejuvenation, functional recoveries and health enablement. Powered intelligent prostheses for subjects with amputation, tissue engineered skin for severely burnt subjects, stem cells therapies for impaired brain tissues are examples that our body can be fixed by replacing defective components with artificial parts and other augmentations. Genomic engineering offers exciting approaches to edit genes, not only for therapy but also for potential enhancements, not only to manipulate our environment but also ourselves for active evolution. Meanwhile, research laboratories are developing intelligent robots that can see, hear, talk, walk, and think like human – following a centuries-long human quest for “living” machines. The mechanistic implications of our biomedical and engineering advances seem apparent – Is human a robot? Can artificial intelligence and robots one day become or even exceed human? Entertainment media have imaginatively featured many human-robotic hybrids, both as heroes and villains, often with abilities way beyond human. What does it mean to be human? What could we tell about ourselves from our dreams, quests, and pursuits? Do we really understand what we are seeking?

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